| Anion | Class | Pairing Cation | LOD (inj. pg) | LOD (g/L) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bromide | Monovalent | PIESI-4 | 60 | 3.0 E-05 |
| Nitrate | Monovalent | PIESI-1 | 1.1 | 5.5 E-07 |
| Nitrate | Monovalent | PIESI-2 | 2 | 1.0 E-06 |
| Nitrate | Monovalent | PIESI-3 | 4 | 2.0 E-06 |
| Cyanate | Monovalent | PIESI-2 | 60 | 3.0 E-05 |
| Perchlorate | Monovalent | PIESI-4 | 10 | 5.0 E-06 |
| Iodide | Monovalent | PIESI-1 | 1.1 | 5.5 E-07 |
| Iodide | Monovalent | PIESI-2 | 2 | 1.0 E-06 |
| Benzoate | Monovalent | PIESI-4 | 17 | 8.0 E-06 |
| Benzenesulfonate | Monovalent | PIESI-1 | 1 | 5.0 E-07 |
| Benzenesulfonate | Monovalent | PIESI-4 | 2 | 1.0 E-06 |
| Chloroacetate | Monovalent | PIESI-2 | 6 | 3.0 E-06 |
| Chloroacetate | Monovalent | PIESI-3 | 10 | 5.0 E-06 |
| Perfluorooctanoate | Monovalent | PIESI-4 | 0.12 | 6.0 E-08 |
| Perfluorooctanoate | Monovalent | PIESI-1 | 0.25 | 1.3 E-07 |
| Sulfate | Divalent | PIESI-5 | 20 | 4.0 E-06 |
| Thiosulfate | Divalent | PIESI-5 | 62 | 1.2 E-05 |
| Peroxodisulfate | Divalent | PIESI-5 | 120 | 2.5 E-05 |
| Tetrathionate | Divalent | PIESI-5 | 0.5 | 1.0 E-08 |
| Arsenate | Divalent | PIESI-5 | 750 | 1.5 E-04 |
| Chromate | Divalent | PIESI-5 | 250 | 5.0 E-05 |
| Chromium(II) dioxido(dioxo)chromium | Divalent | PIESI-5 | 6200 | 1.2 E-03 |
| Molybdate | Divalent | PIESI-5 | 150 | 3.0 E-05 |
| Hexachloroplatinate | Divalent | PIESI-5 | 40 | 8.0 E-06 |
| Rhenium(II)hexachloride | Divalent | PIESI-5 | 15 | 3.0 E-06 |
| Dibromosuccinate | Divalent | PIESI-5 | 120 | 2.4 E-05 |
| Ethanedisulfonate | Divalent | PIESI-5 | 35 | 6.1 E-06 |
| Fluorophosphate | Divalent | PIESI-5 | 26 | 5.2 E-06 |
| Phenylphosphate | Divalent | PIESI-5 | 40 | 8.0 E-06 |
| Cobaltinitrite | Trivalent | PIESI-6 | 20000 | 4 mg/L |
| Hexachlororhodate | Trivalent | PIESI-6 | 30000 | 6 mg/L |
| Vanadate | Trivalent | PIESI-6 | 500 | 1.0 E-04 |
| Cobalt(III)hexacyanide | Trivalent | PIESI-6 | 18 | 3.6 E-06 |
| Tartrazine | Trivalent | PIESI-6 | 175 | 3.5 E-05 |
| 8-metoxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate | Trivalent | PIESI-6 | 100 | 2.0 E-05 |
| Alendronate | Biphosphonates | PIESI-3 | 400 | 8.0 E-05 |
| Clodronate | Biphosphonates | PIESI-3 | 250* | 5.0 E-05 |
| Etidronate | Biphosphonates | PIESI-3 | 300* | 6.0 E-05 |
| Ibandronate | Biphosphonates | PIESI-3 | 300 | 6.0 E-05 |
| Neridronate | Biphosphonates | PIESI-3 | 500* | 1.0 E-04 |
| Risedronate | Biphosphonates | PIESI-1 | 170* | 3.5 E-05 |
| Zoledronate | Biphosphonates | PIESI-1 | 750 | 1.5 E-04 |
| Cardiolipin | Phospholipds | PIESI-6 | 0.5 | 1.0 E-07 |
| Phosphatidylcholine | Phospholipds | PIESI-6 | 0.015 | 3.0 E-09 |
| Phosphatidic acid | Phospholipds | PIESI-6 | 5 | 1.0 E-06 |
| Phosphatidylserine | Phospholipds | PIESI-6 | 0.01 | 2.0 E-09 |
| Phosphatidylinositol | Phospholipds | PIESI-6 | 5 | 1.0 E-06 |
| Copper(II) [EDDS] | Metal Chelates | PIESI-6 | 0.18 | 3.6 E-08 |
| Magnesium(II) [EDDS] | Metal Chelates | PIESI-6 | 0.21 | 4.2 E-08 |
| Calcium(II) [EDDS] | Metal Chelates | PIESI-6 | 0.4 | 8.0 E-08 |
| Cobalt(II) [EDDS] | Metal Chelates | PIESI-6 | 0.44 | 8.8 E-08 |
| Iron(II) [EDDS] | Metal Chelates | PIESI-6 | 0.84 | 1.7 E-07 |
| IRON(III) [EDDS] | Metal Chelates | PIESI-6 | 2.8 | 5.6 E-07 |
| Nickel(II) [EDTA] | Metal Chelates | PIESI-6 | 0.72 | 1.4 E-07 |
| Manganese(II) [EDTA] | Metal Chelates | PIESI-6 | 1.6 | 3.2 E-09 |
| Ruthenium(II) [EDDS] | Metal Chelates | PIESI-6 | 6.1 | 1.2 E-06 |
| Tin(II) [EDDS] | Metal Chelates | PIESI-6 | 72 | 1.4 E-05 |
| cGMP | Nucleotides | PIESI-6 | 30 | 6.0 E-06 |
| cAMP | Nucleotides | PIESI-6 | 30 | 6.0 E-06 |
| cCMP | Nucleotides | PIESI-6 | 30 | 6.0 E-06 |
| cTMP | Nucleotides | PIESI-6 | 35 | 7.0 E-06 |
| AMP | Nucleotides | PIESI-6 | 75 | 1.5 E-05 |
| IMP | Nucleotides | PIESI-6 | 190 | 3.8 E-05 |
| UMP | Nucleotides | PIESI-3 | 200 | 4.0 E-05 |
| TMP | Nucleotides | PIESI-3 | 100 | 2.0 E-05 |
| GMP | Nucleotides | PIESI-6 | 250 | 5.0 E-05 |
| CMP | Nucleotides | PIESI-3 | 140 | 2.8 E-05 |
| TDP | Nucleotides | PIESI-6 | 1000 | 2.0 E-04 |
| CDP | Nucleotides | PIESI-6 | 2500 | 5.0 E-04 |
| 2,4-D | Pesticides | PIESI-1 | 10 | 2.0 E-06 |
| MCPA | Pesticides | PIESI-2 | 3.6 | 7.2 E-07 |
| 2,4,5-T | Pesticides | PIESI-1 | 16 | 3.2 E-06 |
| 2,4-DB | Pesticides | PIESI-2 | 37 | 7.4 E-06 |
| MCPB | Pesticides | PIESI-2 | 30 | 6.0 E-06 |
| 2,4,5-TB | Pesticides | PIESI-2 | 32 | 6.4 E-06 |
| Cloprop | Pesticides | PIESI-3 | 7 | 1.4 E-06 |
| Dichlorprop | Pesticides | PIESI-3 | 10 | 2.0 E-06 |
| Fenoprop | Pesticides | PIESI-2 | 20 | 4.0 E-06 |
| Mecoprop | Pesticides | PIESI-3 | 2.8 | 5.6 E-07 |
| Dicamba | Pesticides | PIESI-3 | 6 | 1.2 E-06 |
| 2,3,6-TBA | Pesticides | PIESI-3 | 17 | 3.4 E-06 |
| Clopyralid | Pesticides | PIESI-1 | 4.5 | 9.0 E-07 |
| Quinclorac | Pesticides | PIESI-2 | 6 | 1.2 E-06 |
| Quinmerac | Pesticides | PIESI-3 | 3.5 | 7.0 E-07 |
| Flupropanate | Pesticides | PIESI-3 | 3.1 | 6.2 E-07 |
| Dalapon | Pesticides | PIESI-1 | 5 | 1.0 E-06 |